
A large study of more than 100,000 French
adults revealed a startling link: People who consume more
processed food are much more likely to develop all kinds of
cancers.
Most of the ultra-processed products were foods and beverages
with a lot of sugar.
The finding held true for every category of adults in the study:
men and women, exercisers and couch potatoes, younger and older
people, smokers and non-smokers.
If scientists told you that there's one lifestyle factor that
might best predict whether you get cancer, you'd want to know,
right?
Researchers in France may have found just that. After studying
more than 100,000 adults for years, their results showed that
eating processed food is more closely linked with cancer risk
than one's age, sex, body mass index, height, level of physical
activity, smoking and drinking habits, calories consumed, or
family history.
This harmful "ultra-processed" food, as the researchers called
it, may include packaged sweet pastries and muffins, chips,
candy, sodas, frozen dinners like meatballs and fish sticks,
instant ramen noodles, sugary cereals, and pretty much anything
else you can imagine that's cheap and comes in a ready-to-go
packet or container at the store.
The researchers estimate this junk food accounts for 25%-50% of
the total daily energy intake of people who live in rich,
developed countries like the US, France, and Canada.
The link between sugary, processed food and cancer
To find the link between processed food and cancer, researchers
combed through, on average, five years of medical records and
surveys of previously cancer-free adult patients.
All the participants (a cohort of roughly 22% men and 78% women)
agreed to fill out an online form detailing everything in their
daily diet on about six days each year. Those surveys were meant
to serve as comprehensive samples of what the study participants
tended to eat in a single 24 hour period, with data from both
weekdays and weekend diets.
The researchers then compared that data to the participants'
records in France's national health system database to find out
who was getting cancer and what their eating plan looked like.
The scientists noticed that participants who reported eating
more ultra-processed, packaged foods tended to develop cancer
more often than people who ate fresh stuff that was cooked at
home or in restaurants. In fact, the study authors wrote that "a
10% increase in the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the
diet was associated with significant increases of 12% in the
risk of overall cancer, and 11% in the risk of breast cancer."
On the other hand, French people who ate slightly less processed
foods like canned goods, cheeses, and baguettes didn't tend to
report higher instances of cancer. And healthy eaters who ate
fresh, unprocessed foods like fish, rice, and veggies were found
to have the lowest rates of cancer.
We don't know that processed food is causing cancer, but there's
a link in the data
It's important to note that these results don't mean processed
food is definitively causing cancer — the scientists simply
found a worrisome trend in the data. But given the fact that the
research controlled for factors like family history, age, sex,
prescription birth control (in the case of breast cancer), body
mass index, and education, it's hard to imagine what other
factors might explain the bump in cancer rates among
packaged-food eaters.
It is well established that processed foods aren't good at
keeping people full or providing them with the necessary fuel to
get through the day without crashing. Packaged foods contain
more sugar, fat, and salt than anything made in a home or
restaurant kitchen, and also don't have nearly as much
stomach-filling fiber and important nutrients.
Sugar is likely the biggest diet culprit here: sweet drinks and
blood-sugar-spiking snacks accounted for more than a quarter of
the ultra-processed food that the people in the study ate. Other
recent research has suggested that sugar may fuel tumor growth
in people who already have cancer.
Some of the packaging that processed foods come in might also be
cause for alarm. Materials in the plastic wrapping can include
Bisphenol A (BPA), which can disrupt normal functioning of the
endocrine system and lead to more birth defects and higher
cancer rates. Packaged foods also include additives like sodium
nitrite, which preserves meats but has also been shown to cause
cancer in animal models.
Scientists would never suggest that a link between data points
is the same as a clear indication that one thing is the cause of
another. But this new finding is concerning enough that the
scientists say the next several decades could be increasingly
cancerous times if we continue eating so many sugary pre-made
foods.
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